Claude discovers a novel enzyme system with CRISPR-like repeats

(anthropic.com)

132 points | by raahelb 2 hours ago ago

96 comments

  • ryanschaefer 28 minutes ago

    I’m confused why AI companies are using agents in-house for this type of research instead of partnering externally.

    I guess the improvement loop is tighter and they have more control over how discoveries can be used for marketing?

    But, in my mind, it begins to feel like they are setting themselves up to be “everything” companies instead of focusing on their core product…

    • Insanity 25 minutes ago

      Because their core product is not a long-term sustainable business strategy. Local hardware and models will continue to improve to the point of not needing the hosted solutions. And if you do need a hosted solution, remember that the big cloud providers already offer these solutions, so signing up for OpenAI/Anthropic _and_ AWS/GCP/Azure is not a sound business decision compared to just signing up with 1 of them that offers your cloud infra + GenAI infra. (Which is why the long-term benefits for cloud companies will probably be for the likes of AWS and not the likes of OpenAI).

      They'll continue to burn model for marginal model improvements in the next few years all the while having no moat _and_ having Open-Weight / Local models eat their lunch.

      The only way for them to stay relevant as a company is to expand beyond simply providing the models.

      • beachy 19 minutes ago

        I'm old enough to remember the arrival of RDBMS, once IBM primed the space with DB2.

        There was a pitched battle over features like row-level locking as competitors like Sybase, Ingress and Oracle scrapped it out. New features arrived on a monthly cadence, with immense engineering effort behind them. The winners (Oracle mostly) won a great moat which led to them to where they are today.

        The fact that so many AI companies can produce amazing coding tools so quickly shows there is no moat, supporting your theory.

        • dormento 4 minutes ago

          The AI companies moat, if any, is hoarding all the hardware so local solutions are no longer cost-effective.

    • jackb4040 5 minutes ago

      A chatbot for cancer researchers to talk to is worth single-digit billions at most. Anthropic is already valued at over a trillion dollars, on the premise that they can replace the majority of jobs in most knowledge industries. All the announcements about hacking / math problems / biological science are meant to create the impression that that strategy works and is repeatable across industries.

    • GolfPopper 26 minutes ago

      Because the goal is marketing and maxxing the IPO, not real-world results.

      • Joel_Mckay 4 minutes ago

        Indeed, intelligent life on earth confirmed =3

    • doctoboggan 26 minutes ago

      If an amazing drug or other therapeutic falls out of this I bet they would be happy to own it outright.

    • akersten 26 minutes ago

      If your core service is getting more expensive to provide and competitors are busy eating your margins, why let someone else taste your secret sauce and only get paid for the tokens, when you can keep the good stuff (bio capability) for yourself, and net both the profit and the fame?

    • mock-possum 11 minutes ago

      Because clients don’t know how to use the tools.

      I run into this all the time - we have such powerful functionality available to our users, and further we provide the elements that undergird all of it, so it’s totally possible for clients to take the services they buy from us and reconfigure them to make their own tools, better even than the ones we have built, purpose-built for their workflows…

      And 9/10 clients will just click on the one thing they know and recognize and are familiar with and comfortable with… and then stop thinking about it.

      It’s crazy how much of our job is not only building our product, but interrogating our clients over what they need, so we can demonstrate how our tools solve their problem. The users simply are not interested in figuring it out for themselves.

      • stillpointlab 3 minutes ago

        This is my speculation as well. For the time being, knowing how to use Claude extremely effectively probably beats out industry insider status. And Anthropic can attract whatever expertise it needs to build scrappy research teams in house. I'm guessing this kind of work doesn't need 100+ people, maybe just a dozen highly specialized people.

        Given the prestige of the AI labs, the recent explosion of math proofs, the literal millions they can throw around, it seems very likely they can attract then fund small research projects across a broad range of science. And like startup math, it only takes one or two ground breaking results from a hundred attempts to pay back in the PR/hype.

  • modeless 32 minutes ago

    It's clear Dario believes that the solution to AI's PR problem is to cure cancer. Or invent other revolutionary medical treatments. They're going to heavily promote every step along the way no matter how small or far away from commercialization they are, like this one.

    No doubt that curing cancer would help, but I think the timeline might be a little too long. Even RSI AGI will not be able to get new medical treatments to market instantly. Real world testing takes a long time and is an unavoidable part of the process.

    • baq 24 minutes ago

      Dario would like to ‘cure’ aging. He’s got some personal experience with bad illnesses, but aging isn’t that. I also have reduced trust for people who want to live forever and don’t have kids.

      • SwellJoe 19 minutes ago

        > I also have reduced trust for people who want to live forever and don’t have kids.

        I want to live forever (or until I'm bored of it) and I don't have kids. I'm not sure what that has to do with trustworthiness.

        Edit: And, you're saying you want to die. Is that more trustworthy than not wanting to die? I suppose if you are religious, you might believe you're going somewhere good when you die, in which case, you don't actually believe death exists, so we're having different conversations. I believe death exists and is permanent, and I'd like to not do that.

        • bigfudge 2 minutes ago

          Not Op but there’s a inch of people asking why, and I have a similar feeling to op so here’s my post hoc justification for a weakly held and poorly supported prejudice:

          It’s really because statistically, in my experience people without kids are more selfish than those without. This is more in description than judgement, but it’s true in my experience. We can speculate as to reasons, but looking after kids does train a certain kind of selflessness. Agreed we might be doing it for ultimately selfish reasons (self presentational or for care in old age or whatever). But for a good chunk of the time, caring for kids seems to require the fairly consistent subjugation of personal preferences, and a degeee of perspective taking, that I just think people without kids don’t have. And that often shows in their interactions at work and in daily life. Obviously there are myriad exceptions. But it’s true enough in my experience.

          The wanting to live forever part also seems weird to me, and correlated with a certain sort of self regarding perspective. It seems obvious to me that I (or my generations) need to die for my children and grandchildren to have a good life. To try and subvert that also seems selfish or self important somehow.

          I’m not really arguing this is a correct or good or just position. It might be terrible! But it did resonate..

        • Glyptodon 2 minutes ago

          I think there's a nuance gap here. Many of us, if offered, would be happy to live for a a millennium or two if we'd stay at worst middle-aged. But there's a giant gap between being willing to take that offer if given, and a desire for it being a big personal motivating factor.

        • hlynurd 17 minutes ago

          Yeah we gotta put me on that list too. This is a weirdly specific prejudice.

        • nxc18 8 minutes ago

          Do you not want other people to die and be replaced?

          • GeoAtreides 2 minutes ago

            do these other people have a fertility rate of at least 2.1?

        • tripleee 16 minutes ago

          +1

          what a weird bias

      • lukeify 3 minutes ago

        > I also have reduced trust for people who want to live forever and don’t have kids.

        I have reduced trust in people who make judgements about the value systems of others based on fairly meaningless characteristics.

      • onlyrealcuzzo 16 minutes ago

        > I also have reduced trust for people who want to live forever and don’t have kids.

        Why are you only allowed to live forever if you have kids?

        Seems like someone seeking immortality should be willing to do for the elixir if they want it even a little bit...

      • rafaelero 20 minutes ago

        > I also have reduced trust for people who want to live forever and don’t have kids.

        How so?

        • pooloo 14 minutes ago

          Not OP, but wanting eternal life without leaving a legacy just sounds like someone trying to be a god and is very narcissistic behavior

          • rosslh 3 minutes ago

            Gods famously don't have legacies

          • jobs_throwaway 8 minutes ago

            Or they just enjoy life and want to keep living? What about it is 'trying to be a god'?

      • nicman23 17 minutes ago

        tbh we are trying to treat aging as a chronic illness and we probably will

      • altcognito 4 minutes ago

        Probably should have left off the kids, but lets start with just distrusting anybody who wants to live forever. At the level of influence billionaires have, it is downright dangerous.

        For everyone else confused: Think of all the people throughout history we would prefer would not have lived forever. Then multiple that by A LOT. Then consider how greedy and sociopathic most of the billionaire class is already.

        Now, we could spend time getting distracted by childless. I don't think it matters.

      • Varelion 15 minutes ago

        Why? Who in their right mind would have children in 2026? Everything is burning, gone to shit, and projected to get worse. Having children is insanely irresponsible.

        • jobs_throwaway 7 minutes ago

          HackerNews' neuroticism is unmatched

          Your dramatization of society's ills are not tethered to reality

    • JoeOfTexas 28 minutes ago

      Cancer can be cured in a lot of cases, its just so damn expensive and the treatment is beyond torturous that some patients cannot handle it. Stem cells are amazing. But we need cheaper technology to replicate them into the cancer destroyers they need to be, as well as find ways to ease the pain of that internal battle.

    • segmondy 19 minutes ago

      You can't say this. We have no idea. There is nothing about the law of physics that pushes cancer cure a long time away. A lot of people would have told you AI was decades away, yet here we are. We are still on track for possible strong take off.

      Now on real world testing, you think the rule applies? I tell you it doesn't. Human life might be precious, but human life in practice is also not precious. We waste so much of it. In some countries regulations will stop/slow it, but there are plenty of places around the world that will turn a blind eye for a fistful of dollars. Countries will go to those locations if it means gaining an edge.

      • no_multitudes 8 minutes ago

        There are many things about the laws of physics that push a cancer cure a long time away! Biology is downstream of physics, and the biology of cancer is so vast that the very concept of a "cure for cancer" is almost nonsensical.

      • SpicyLemonZest a minute ago

        [delayed]

      • whatisthiseven 15 minutes ago

        Cancer is something like, thousands of diseases. There is no "cure for cancer", but there are treatments and vaccines for cancers.

    • kanzure 15 minutes ago

      Yep, my prediction is that Anthropic is going to use Claude's reputation to "launder" known solutions to aging, cancer, and other things that society hasn't accepted quite yet. But maybe with the right marketing we'll try those things!

      https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49329717

    • Sol- 10 minutes ago

      Also the general public might find the implications of AGI so distasteful even if everything goes well that we might stall out or get the Butlerian Jihad before we can cure cancer. Artists and Software Engineers, now also Mathematicians, already have existential crises, but the public still thinks AI is fake. I can't imagine the backlash when the realize what's coming even in the good ending.

    • impulser_ 11 minutes ago

      As they should because things like this get people thinking even if it something small. Once you get people thinking about things you tend to get solutions.

    • Chance-Device 22 minutes ago

      Really now, everything is bad? Trying to cure diseases? Talking about it? That’s bad somehow! Let me sit here on my ass and do nothing instead.

      • Banditoz 21 minutes ago

        Who are you referring to? This reads like projection.

        • Chance-Device 17 minutes ago

          Read the comment. This is cynical and bad because they’re going to advertise that they’re trying to do something socially beneficial.

          It’s the top rated comment in the thread. Somebody tried to do something good, this is the response.

          This pisses me off severely.

          • AndrewKemendo 12 minutes ago

            It’s because these people do not believe they are trying to do something good, but instead run a cynical plot to get more powerful under the guise

    • JumpCrisscross 15 minutes ago

      > Dario believes that the solution to AI's PR problem is to cure cancer

      He isn’t wrong. But selling potential cures for cancer won’t cut it.

    • boothby 27 minutes ago

      > Real world testing takes a long time and is an unavoidable part of the process.

      Not if it's a virus

      • SwellJoe 18 minutes ago

        Nothing like releasing poorly tested viruses on the public to really earn trust.

    • risyachka 24 minutes ago

      >> the solution to AI's PR problem is to cure cancer

      I think its much simpler than that. Anything actually useful for people would be a good solution.

      Obviously image gen and code gen is not the case, as though it does increase productivity, it doesn't make anyone's life actually better. If it led to 4 day work week - sure. Otherwise it could easily be net negative.

      • BurningFrog 17 minutes ago

        If something is being used, it's by definition useful, and AI is used a lot.

    • walt_grata 13 minutes ago

      Its going to be an uphill battle. Every story about job losses, consequences to the community from building a datacenter (real or perceived), eminent domain case that blows up, plus all the slop on every platform. Not to mention a lot of normies think techbros are obnoxious, and that is who is hyping ai.

      They'll need to show their goal is to help humanity and that all the other peoole arent acceptable collateral damage. Since those other people get to vote.

    • jMyles 28 minutes ago

      > Even RSI will not be able to get new medical treatments to market instantly. Real world testing takes a long time and is an unavoidable part of the process.

      Is it unavoidable, though?

      • jjk166 24 minutes ago

        In the way that breathing is unavoidable. Like yeah technically there is a way to avoid doing it, but not a way that you want to seriously consider.

    • mikert89 19 minutes ago

      please no more doomer talk, can we just be excited that we have ai doing science

      • hardbass 11 minutes ago

        I am already having a headache thinking of the whining from the biologist community (if any? I hope their reaction is not as extreme as that of mathematicians).

  • aakil an hour ago

    This shows why biology is so much harder a problem area for LLMs than math, finding RTs is tedious but pretty doable today, they had to scope the problem down a lot from something that would be the equivalent of Navier Stokes in biology. Glad they’re doing it though, even if it’s just marketing.

  • Chance-Device 31 minutes ago

    I think this approach of actually doing useful science is better PR than hiring an army of influencers to shill for you, OpenAI style.

    Generally speaking, hiring an army of influencers to shill for you results in bad PR, and comments like this one.

    • the__alchemist 15 minutes ago

      It's not useful science; it has the rigor of someone posting a vague shower thought on Show HN or reddit.

    • binlog 12 minutes ago

      You really think there aren’t an equal number of Claude influencers on social media?

      • foxrider 3 minutes ago

        Personally I feel like Anthropic is underrepresented in "normie" marketing, all of my non-tech savy friends only know of ChatGPT and use "ChatGPT" in the same way my mom says "Nintendo" when talking about game consoles

      • Chance-Device 4 minutes ago

        Yes, I think there aren’t an equivalent number of Claude influencers on social media.

        Is there an equivalent headline for Anthropic of this?: https://www.businessinsider.com/inside-open-ai-influencer-ma...

  • bonsai_spool an hour ago

    Very cool! However, the amazing absence of results makes me question whether they've got a Nature letter forthcoming or whether they know that another AI lab has a similar finding...

  • ex1fm3ta 34 minutes ago

    LLMs are really good at discovering patterns on huge dataset. Google also had similair breakthrough discoveries they stopped marketing them

    • aniceperson 19 minutes ago

      yes and no; you cant dump DNA in the context window and call it a day, in the blog post it was a common tool calling session. you do can have actual ml models for that, that the llm could use as a tool.

      • pixl97 12 minutes ago

        I don't think you quite understand the loops here.

        At Google/OpenAI/Anthropic level you have clusters of LLM agents working with clusters of ML agents doing all kinds of tasks. A lot of this falls into proto-RSI where the LLM can improve the ML agents output based on analysis of said ML.

        This isn't much different from how people work, you can't dump even part of DNA context in a human mind and get anything useful out. We has humans have to use and build tools to find answers because of scaling efficiencies of different computation types.

  • Sol- 33 minutes ago

    "Investigating the novel enzyme incident in our SF lab [2027]"

  • hmokiguess 20 minutes ago

    I'm getting tired of the marketing.

    There are so many people involved on this yet we still say things like "Claude did", we need to start waking up and being more real about how we are still in "AI + Human" land.

    What's wrong with saying "A team of researchers backed by Anthropic using Claude discovers a novel enzyme system with CRISPR-like repeats" or, ffs, mention the lead researcher in the headline?

    • jackb4040 2 minutes ago

      If it requires humans in the loop it throws cold water on the hopes of replacing millions of jobs, which is priced into their current valuation.

    • tarkin2 10 minutes ago

      Because they’re trying to pump their stock price before their economic walls come tumbling down

    • foxrider 5 minutes ago

      Is it really all that different from "deep mind beat Gary Kasparov"?

  • nonameiguess 6 minutes ago

    I wish we could discuss this in a way that didn't immediately devolve into people shouting up or shouting down that this is either meaningless or singularity.

    Caveating I'm not a biologist, but my understanding of the way this kind of thing works right now is a basic three-step process:

    1) Find molecules and DNA/RNA sequences in the wild and catalog them.

    2) Discover interesting subsequences among these.

    3) Figure out whether any useful applications can come from what was discovered.

    All three of these generally take a long time. Systematic automatic analysis of known databases speeds up and removes some of the luck from 2. But 1 and 3 are still long poles. 1 has the further issue that we usually discover these in existing organisms. I recall much of the outcry over tropical deforestation back in the 90s and replacing of rainforests with palm oil monoculture today is that the vast majority of terrestrial biodiversity is found in rainforests, and destroying them at industrial scale risks losing potentially useful molecules forever. 3 has the problem that you need to conduct physical experiments, and are limited by the speed of biochemical reactions no matter what and by the speed at which human subjects can be found and ethically experimented on assuming we care about being ethical.

    A lot of good can come of this, but I don't see a path to singularity here, assuming we're talking the original Kurzweil meaning there of all technological progress that will ever happen all happening at once. Data collection and experimentation on living subjects, human or not, can only happen so fast, regardless of automation. It's not computational. Whenever you have to interface with the real world, you're now working at the speed of the real world, not the speed of electricity. CRISPR was discovered in 1987 and first used to edit a gene sequence in a human zygote in 2015. I'm sure there are plenty of ways to make the candidate discovery to human application step not take three decades, but it's never going to be three months, either.

  • mullingitover an hour ago

    This is great, but I can't help but wonder if we're going to have another post next week with a lab complaining that they were about to publish this same finding, and they had Claude proofread their paper, and whoops how'd that get into Anthropic's training data?

    • monospacegames 26 minutes ago

      I wonder how long it will take for the damage Alpöge and Buckmaster have done to the perception of these AI-driven scientific developments to fade.

      Not saying that they were right or wrong, but that single moment sullied all AI-driven breakthroughs that came after it, and I don't think it was ever particularly relevant, at least not nearly to the degree that it was presented in the media. But I guess it ended up being a convenient outlet for AI anxiety in the end.

      • mullingitover 4 minutes ago

        I don't think of this stuff in terms of AI anxiety, I just think that the AI labs should be falling all over themselves to display deference and humility to those who made it possible.

        The LLMs that make this stuff possible weren't created by the AI labs from whole cloth. They crept up and jumped onto the shoulders of giants, basically the collected (non-consensually, of course, but jingles keys look at this pelican riding a bicycle!) works of humanity. Every discovery LLMs enumerate in this fashion rightfully needs to have a billboard-sized asterisk regarding the provenance of the discovery. "Claude" didn't discover this, everyone who worked to produce the internet that Anthropic siphoned into their dataset belongs on the credits.

        It's great that it happened, and I wish them the best of luck in using our work to make the world a better place. Just don't forget who the rightful owners are.

      • techpression 3 minutes ago

        The AI labs did that to themselves. All those billions and their marketing and communication skills are like those of a local street vendor selling fake knockoffs.

    • epistasis 33 minutes ago

      This is a very inaccurate manipulation of facts that fundamentally represents everything that mathematicians wrote.

      • bananaflag 30 minutes ago

        Shouldnt this be "misrepresents"?

      • thorum 18 minutes ago

        In what way?

    • petcat 39 minutes ago

      Lots of stuff gets discovered by AI bots that was always hidden in plain sight. They're remarkably good at "connecting the dots".

      • pixl97 16 minutes ago

        Being an effective pattern matcher and next word predictor is like 60%+ of intelligence, maybe more.

        The people that say "It's just a next word predictor" might as well be saying "Well, it's just a long rage nuclear missile".

    • jjtheblunt 38 minutes ago

      the article says the reverse transcriptase had been noticed before, but apparently only Claude commented on the subsequence repeating, to your point.

  • doctorpangloss 29 minutes ago

    Aren't there unlimited mechanisms like this? Isn't this why Doudna isn't a billionaire (you can patent something, but it's easy to create another one and patent it separately)?

  • eqmvii an hour ago

    In a year or two, articles like this will either be artifacts from peak hype or evidence of the beginning of the singularity. Right?

    • pizza234 an hour ago

      The singularity, as defined by Hinton (and others) as RSI (Recursive Self Improvement) may actually be beginning already, as OpenAI has announced an AI acting as a "research intern" (!).

      • physicallyIllfr 32 minutes ago

        How is it improving, that would require rearranging its weights and biases which it cannot do easily or quickly.

        • pixl97 10 minutes ago

          Self improvement during training, and AI self training are already happening. Easily/quickly are seemingly a factor of how much power/hardware you want to use at once.

          With the level of compute they have they aren't stuck with frozen models like you are.

        • criddell 29 minutes ago

          Is easily and quickly a requirement? Isn't it enough that over time it improves itself even if the process is complex and slow?

    • BobbyJo an hour ago

      Yes. I would bet on the latter.

    • dude250711 an hour ago

      That's black and white thinking; it will be a midgularity - so neither.

  • MachineMan 34 minutes ago

    Don't use it for biology, Dario said, as he turned humans into Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.. I reckon that soon, he too will return to dimension X.